Past Perfect
Trapassato Prossimo
How you make the POSITIVE form?
Come si fa la forma AFFERMATIVA?
Subject + had + past participle
Soggetto + had + participio passato
To dream - Infinitive (Sognare - Infinito)
Avevo sognato
| Answers/Risposte:
I had dreamt |
Avevi sognato
| Answers/Risposte:
You had dreamt
|
Lui/Lei/Esso aveva sognato
| Answers/Risposte: He/She/It had dreamt
|
Avevamo sognato
| Answers/Risposte:
We had dreamt |
Avevate sognato
| Answers/Risposte:
You had dreamt
|
Avevano sognato
| Answers/Risposte: They had dreamt
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Note: English never uses 'been' as the auxiliary verb. It is always 'had'.
Nota: L'inglese non usa mai 'been' (stato) come il verbo ausiliare. È sempre 'had' (avuto).
Translate:
Traduci:
1) Aveva cambiato. | Answer/Risposta: It had changed.
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2) Eravamo arrivati. | Answer/Risposta: We had arrived.
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3) Avemo mantenuto.
| Answer/Risposta: We had kept.
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4) Avevate viaggiato in aereo.
| Answer/Risposta: You had flown.
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5) Ero stato.
| Answer/Risposta: I had been.
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6) Avevano arrestato.
| Answer/Risposta: They had arrested.
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How do you make the NEGATIVE form?
Come si fa la forma NEGATIVA?
To change - Infinitive (Cambiare - Infinito)
I hadn't changed.
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Answer/Risposta:
Non avevo cambiato.
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You hadn't changed.
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Answer/Risposta:
Non avevi cambiato.
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He/She/It hadn't changed.
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Answer/Risposta:
Lui/Lei/Esso non aveva cambiato.
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We hadn't changed.
|
Answer/Risposta:
Non avevamo cambiato.
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You hadn't changed.
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Answer/Risposta:
Non avevate cambiato.
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They hadn't changed.
|
Answer/Risposta:
Non avevano cambiato.
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Translate:
Traduci:
|
1. Lui non aveva riparato.
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Answers/Risposte:
He hadn't repaired (or) He hadn't fixed.
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2. Non si erano lamentati.
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Answers/Risposte:
They hadn't complained.
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3. Non avevamo lasciato.
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Answers/Risposte:
We hadn't let.
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4. Lei non era venuta.
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Answers/Risposte:
She hadn't come.
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5. Non eravate stati.
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Answers/Risposte:
You hadn't been.
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6. Non avevi guardato.
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Answers/Risposte:
You hadn't watched.
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How do you make the INTERROGATIVE form?
Come si fa la forma INTERROGATIVA?
To neglect - Infinitive (Trascurare - Infinito)
Avevo trascurato?
| Answers/Risposte: Had I neglected?
|
Avevi trascurato?
| Answers/Risposte: Had you neglected?
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Lui/Lei/Esso trascurato?
| Answers/Risposte: Had he/she/it neglected?
|
Avevamo trascurato?
| Answers/Risposte: Had we neglected?
|
Avevate trascurato?
| Answers/Risposte: Had we neglected?
|
Avevano trascurato
| Answers/Risposte: Had they neglected?
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Translate:
Traduci:
Avevi deciso?
|
Answers/Risposte:
Had you decided?
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Loro avevano riempito?
|
Answers/Risposte:
Had they filled?
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Avevano saputo?
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Answers/Risposte:
Had they known?
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Ti aveva detto?
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Answers/Risposte:
Had he/she told you?
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Lui era scomparso?
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Answers/Risposte:
Had he disappeared?
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Avevate gridato?
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Answers/Risposte:
Had you shouted?
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When do you use Past Perfect in English?
Quando si usa il Trapassato Prossimo in Inglese?
A) To talk about a finished past action which happened before another finished past action.
A) Per parlare di un'azione finito che è successa prima di un'altra azione finita.
Finish these sentences...
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1) Michael spent the morning shopping.
Michael was tired because.........
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Answer/Risposta:
Michael was tired because he had spent the morning shopping.
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2) He didn't study much and failed his exam.
He failed his exam because.....
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Answer/Risposta:
He failed his exam because he hadn't studied much.
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3) They left their passports at home.
They couldn't get on the plane because....
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Answer/Risposta:
They couldn't get on the plane because they had left their passports at home.
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4) He left his wallet at home.
He didn't buy anything because.....
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Answer/Risposta:
He didn't buy anything because he had left his wallet at home.
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More practice...
Più Pratica...
Put the following sentences in the correct order to form a short story about Mark.
Metti le seguenti frasi nel ordine corretta per formare una storia corta.
- He told the taxi driver he couldn't pay.
- Mark went to a party and woke up late next morning.
- He missed the bus to go to the football match.
- When he arrived at the football stadium, he hadn't got enough money to pay for the taxi.
- The taxi driver was very angry.
- The policeman was taken to hospital by ambulance.
- Mark got angry too and punched the taxi driver!
- Mark is in jail.
- A policeman saw them and ran to the car.
- So he got a taxi but forgot his wallet because of his hangover!
- Mark was so angry he punched the policeman too!
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Answers/Risposta:
-
Mark went to a party and woke up late next morning.
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He missed the bus to go to the football match.
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So he got a taxi but forgot his wallet because of his hangover!
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When he arrived at the football stadium, he hadn't got enough money to pay for the taxi.
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He told the taxi driver he couldn't pay.
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The taxi driver was very angry.
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Mark got angry too and punched the taxi driver!
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A policeman saw them and ran to the car.
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Mark was so angry he punched the policeman too!
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The policeman was taken to hospital by ambulance.
-
Mark is in jail.
Questions:
Domande:
1) Why did Mark wake up late?
| Answer/Risposta: Mark woke up late because he had gone to a party the night before. (Or) Mark woke up late because he had been to a party the night before.
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2) Why did Mark miss his bus?
| Answer/Risposta: Mark missed his bus because he had woken up late.
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3) Why couldn't Mark pay the taxi driver?
| Answer/Risposta: Mark couldn't pay the taxi driver because he had forgotten his wallet. (Or) He couldn't pay the taxi driver because he had left his wallet at home.
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4) Why did Mark punch the taxi driver?
| Answer/Risposta: He punched the taxi driver because he had got angry. (Or) He punched the taxi driver because he was angry.
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5) Why did the policeman run to the car?
| Answer/Risposta: The policeman ran to the car because he had seen Mark punch the taxi driver.
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6) Why did an ambulance take the policeman to hospital?
| Answer/Risposta: An ambulance took the policeman to hospital because Mark had punched him.
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